Facial pigmentation, also known as hyperpigmentation, is a common skin concern that involves the uneven darkening of certain areas on the face. While not harmful, hyperpigmentation can impact an individual’s self-confidence and overall appearance. Understanding the factors that contribute to facial pigmentation can help us make informed decisions about prevention and treatment.
Melanin is the pigment responsible for the colour of our skin, hair, and eyes. It is produced by specialised cells called melanocytes. The amount and distribution of melanin in the skin are influenced by genetic factors and external influences. In response to various triggers, such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, or inflammation, melanocytes may produce excess melanin in localised areas, resulting in pigmentation spots.
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is one of the primary causes of facial pigmentation. When the skin is exposed to UV rays, it triggers the production of melanin as a protective response. This is what gives us a tan. However, in some cases, melanin production becomes uneven, leading to the formation of sunspots, freckles, and other forms of hyperpigmentation. Regular application of a broad-spectrum sunscreen is a fundamental step in caring for our skin and reducing the rate of pigment formation. It is especially important to remember that sunscreen use is relevant indoors (as most interior lighting emit UV radiation) and re-application in the middle of the day is recommended (or every 2 hours if you are out in the direct sunlight.)
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy (melasma) or as a result of certain medical conditions, can contribute to the development of facial pigmentation. These hormonal shifts can stimulate melanocytes to produce excess melanin, leading to the appearance of dark patches on the skin. Melasma is a particularly tricky condition to treat, and requires an in-depth analysis of the skin for a wholistic treatment plan. Some treatments include the use of lasers (bonus tip: a gentle laser might be more effective than an apparently strong one when it comes to melasma,) radio-frequency micro-needling, and whitening creams or medications.
Inflammation resulting from acne, injuries, or skin conditions can trigger an overproduction of melanin in the affected area. This is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). It’s a common concern for individuals with darker skin tones, as the excess melanin can linger even after the initial inflammation has subsided. Judicious use of lasers in the problem areas can lighten the pigments and even out discolouration.
As we age, the rate of cell turnover decreases, and older skin cells can accumulate on the skin’s surface. This can lead to a dull complexion and make pigmentation spots more noticeable. Age- related hormonal changes can also influence the distribution of melanin, contributing to pigmentation issues. Skin boosters are perfect for increasing cellular turnover and maintaining skin health and a glowing complexion.
Genetics can play a role in how susceptible an individual is to developing pigmentation issues. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to hyperpigmentation, making them more likely to develop dark spots in response to certain triggers. There has also been scientific interest in the role of genetics in the development of melasma, suggesting that this condition is multi-factorial and complex.
Facial pigmentation is a multifaceted issue influenced by genetics, environmental factors, hormonal changes, and lifestyle choices. While complete prevention may not always be possible, understanding the underlying causes can guide individuals in making choices that minimise the risk of pigmentation development. Using sun protection, practicing a consistent skincare routine, managing inflammation, and seeking professional advice when needed can all contribute to maintaining an even, radiant complexion.
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Picosecond laser is the cornerstone of pigment treatment. Many regard it as one of the best treatment for brown spots on face. The pico laser treatment is a proven technology that effectively and safely addresses a wide spectrum of skin pigmentary disorder. Sometimes also known as the age spot remover, it directly addresses pigmentation caused by sun damage (sun and age spots,) photo-ageing, melasma, acne scarring, and inflammation. This also makes it a great dark spot treatment. Additionally, the fractional laser treatment helps to improve pores, acne scars, fine lines & wrinkles.
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This is a radio-frequency (RF) micro-needling treatment which targets multiple conditions, but has been particularly helpful for melasma. The treatment works by strengthening the basement membrane, reducing pigment migration to the superficial layer of the skin, as well as reducing excess blood vessels supplying the pigment-producing cells. Both processes involved in the formation of melasma are addressed in a single treatment.
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A treatment that uses micro-injections of skin rejuvenating solution to maintain skin quality. It is best used as a routine therapy to maintain skin hydration and quality, reducing the rate of pigment formation.
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An injectable treatment that improves skin hydration and brightness, while further addressing skin quality issues such as acne, scars, enlarged pores and sensitive skin. By working on skin quality, deep pigments become less visible, and new pigments are slower to form.
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A high-level skin booster with potent anti-inflammatory and deep hydrating effects. For anti-ageing, lightening, and rejuvenating the skin. Helps to achieve smooth and glowing skin through natural collagen production.
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